 | | More than 100 Britney Spears supporters gathered outside the courthouse on Wednesday.Allison Zaucha for The New York Times |
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— Sylvia Law, health law scholar at New York University School of Law |
Among the stunning assertions that the pop star Britney Spears made to a Los Angeles probate judge this week, as she sought to end her protracted conservatorship, was one that shook experts in guardianship law and reproductive rights deeply. She said a team led by her father, who is her conservator, prevented her from having her IUD removed because the team did not want her to have more children. |
"Forcing someone to be on birth control against their will is a violation of basic human rights and bodily autonomy, just as forcing someone to become or stay pregnant against their will would be," said Ruth Dawson, a principal policy associate at the Guttmacher Institute, a research group that supports reproductive rights. |
Court-condoned compelled contraception is rare in conservatorship. But the specter it raises — forced sterilization — does have a grim, extensive history in the United States, especially against poor women, women of color and inmates. In the early 20th century, the state-sanctioned practice was upheld by the United States Supreme Court. |
Although the court moved away from that position in the 1940s, and consensus arose through the growing canon on informed consent that forced sterilization was inhumane, the practice continued to be quietly tolerated. |
Finally, by the end of the 1970s, most states had repealed laws authorizing sterilization, although allegations of forced hysterectomies and tubal ligations on women in immigrant detention centers continue to be raised. It wasn't until 2014 that California formally banned the sterilization of female inmates without consent. |
The scant law on the question in conservatorship indicates what an outlier the Spears case may be. In 1985, the California Supreme Court denied the petition of guardian parents of a 29-year-old woman with Down syndrome who wanted her to undergo a tubal ligation. |
Typically, a conservator has temporary control over the finances and even medical care of an incapacitated person. Experts underscored that Ms. Spears's assertion is unverified. But if it's accurate, they said, the most likely rationale, however suspect, might be that Jamie Spears, her father, wants to protect her finances from a baby's father, potentially her boyfriend, who is reportedly at odds with Mr. Spears. |
 | | Britney Spears spoke about living under the restrictions of a conservatorship in an emotional 23-minute speech on Wednesday, and asked for the legal arrangement to end.Valerie Macon/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images |
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If a guardian fears that a ward will make financially unwise choices, "the remedy is not to say they can't procreate," said Sylvia Law, a health law scholar at New York University School of Law. "It's unspeakable." |
According to experts in trust and estate law, the handful of cases in which a guardian, usually a parent, has asked a court to order contraception involved severely disabled children. |
Eugenics was a leading rationale for female sterilization. In the 1927 case Buck v. Bell, the Supreme Court upheld the right to sterilize a "feeble-minded" woman who had been committed to a state mental institution, with Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes infamously writing, "Three generations of imbeciles are enough." |
Although the opinion was never formally overturned, in a 1942 case, Skinner v. Oklahoma, which challenged forced sterilization of certain convicted criminals, Justice William O. Douglas, writing for a unanimous court, said that the right to procreate was fundamental. "Any experiment the state conducts is to his irreparable injury," he wrote. "He is forever deprived of a basic liberty." |
While Ms. Spears has not been sterilized, Ms. Crawford said, if she is being prevented from getting her IUD removed, that would be a proxy for sterilization, in particular because she testified that she wanted to bear more children. |
Read the full article here. And read a transcript of Britney Spears's speech in court here. |
Here are four articles from The Times you may have missed. |
 | | Sushma Dwivedi at home in Harlem.Amr Alfiky for The New York Times |
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- "How could I be part of something that would deny love to someone?" Meet the Hindu priest officiating L.G.B.T.Q. weddings. [Read the story]
- "I am myself. I just want to feel more like me." The author, Thomas Page McBee reflects on his past and today's gender landscape. [Read in Opinion]
- "How good the ladies golfers are." Unlike many of their male counterparts, female elite golfers are keen to head to the Olympics. [Read the story]
- "The rabbi said it was OK." An ultra-Orthodox mother navigated strict cultural norms to become one of the few Hasidic female doctors in the country. [Read the story]
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In Her Words is edited by Francesca Donner. Our art director is Catherine Gilmore-Barnes, and our photo editor is Judith Levitt. |
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